About Scam Literacy
Free, independent information to help people of every age recognise AI-powered scams and get the right help.
Scam Literacy is run by Dr James Froggatt, a web developer and app architect. He created it to raise awareness, worldwide, of how to protect yourself and your loved ones from online scammers.
The site is completely free. If you find it useful, you can help keep it running through Buy Me a Coffee. Thank you. Your support is greatly appreciated.
What we do
We explain how today’s scams work in short, plain language, and we list the official services to contact in your country.
How we check information
- Every fact is linked to its source. We prefer peer-reviewed studies and official bodies: police, governments, the UN, regulators and child-protection services.
- Every phone number and website is checked against a source named on the page, official wherever possible, with the date we checked it.
- Warning signs and advice follow the guidance of those official sources.
How we rate risk
Money risk reflects the losses authorities report for each scam. Emotional harm reflects the shame, fear and danger to wellbeing that victim services describe. Both use a three-step scale: moderate, high, very high. They are our editorial judgement and we review them when sources change.
What we are not
We are not the police, a bank or a lawyer, and we cannot recover money. In an emergency, call your local emergency number.
Found a mistake?
Tell us using the “Contact us” form. We correct errors quickly and date every update.
Content last reviewed: September 24, 2026
All sources used on this site
Peer-reviewed study
Official source
- Official sourceCryptocurrency and AI Scams Bilk Americans of Billions (2025 Internet Crime Report)
- Official source2025 IC3 Annual Report
- Official sourceNewly released 2025 annual IC3 report: what to document when you report
- Official sourceElder Fraud: avoiding scams and swindles (fear, hope and love tactics)
- Official sourceHundreds of thousands trafficked into online criminality in Southeast Asia (report briefing)
- Official sourceINTERPOL urges end to ‘Pig Butchering’ term, cites harm to online victims
- Official sourcePorter plainte pour une escroquerie aux sentiments (THESEE)
- Official sourceJe suis victime d’arnaque, de fraude et d’escroquerie
- Official source17Cyber, guichet unique pour les victimes de cybermalveillance
- Official sourceRéponse ministérielle : PHAROS, PERCEVAL et Info Escroqueries
- Official source33700 : le numéro pour signaler les SMS et appels frauduleux
- Official sourceLe numéro national de prévention du suicide (3114)
- Official sourceLa Banque de France met en garde face à l’arnaque téléphonique aux faux agents de la Banque de France
- Official sourceLa protection juridique des majeurs
- Official sourceProtection juridique d’un majeur (tutelle, curatelle, sauvegarde de justice, habilitation familiale)
- Official sourceReport Fraud service goes live (replaces Action Fraud)
- Official sourceShould I report to Report Fraud? (Scotland: call 101)
- Official sourceReport a scam text message (7726) and scam emails
- Official sourceNCMEC’s “Take It Down” combats sextortion (only a hash is shared; adults use StopNCII.org)
- Official sourceCybermenaces actuelles (dont l’arnaque à la publicité pour les investissements)
- Official sourceFAQ : annonces volontaires de cyberincidents (formulaire)
- Official sourceArnaques en ligne : comment dénoncer un cas ?
- Official sourceFraud Prevention Month: Canadians lost over $704 million to fraud in 2025
- Official sourceWhat to do if you’ve been scammed
- Official sourceDe plus en plus d’achats en ligne… et de risques ([email protected], plainte)
- Official sourcePoint de contact pour fraudes, tromperies, arnaques et escroqueries
- Official sourceAlerte arnaque : le « faux Card Stop » (coursier qui vient chercher la carte)
- Official sourceCard Stop has a new telephone number: 078 170 170
- Official sourceAide psychologique : Centre de Prévention du Suicide, 0800 32 123
- Official sourceNational Elder Fraud Hotline
- Official source112: EU emergency number
- Official sourceContacta con nosotros: otros teléfonos de interés (112, 091, 062, 017)
- Official sourceEl servicio 017 de INCIBE recibe el Premio “Embajador del Contact Center 2026”
- Official sourceReporte de fraude
- Official sourceCanal prioritario: retirada de contenido sexual o violento publicado sin consentimiento
- Official source024. Línea de atención a la conducta suicida
- Official source911, nuevo teléfono de emergencias mexicano (único para todo el territorio)
- Official sourceEmergencias: 911 Central de Emergencias Nacional, 135 Línea de prevención del suicidio
- Official sourceSi fuiste víctima de un ciberdelito, denuncialo (UFECI, fiscalías)
- Official source¿Cómo denunciar delitos informáticos ante las autoridades en Bogotá? (CAI Virtual, A Denunciar)
- Official source¿Sabía usted que está a un solo clic de instaurar una denuncia? (Sistema Nacional de Denuncia Virtual “A Denunciar”)
- Official sourceDirectorio de líneas de salud mental y prevención del suicidio por departamento
- Official sourceDisque 100: tire dúvidas e confira o que é mito e verdade sobre o serviço
- Official sourceSicher in den besten Jahren (Polizei 059 133 österreichweit; WEISSER RING Opfer-Notruf 0800 112 112)
- Official sourceInternetregeln (Folder): Meldestelle, Internet Ombudsstelle, Watchlist Internet
- Official source暮らしの相談窓口:安心・安全(警察相談専用電話 #9110 ほか)
- Official source犯罪被害者白書 資料9:相談先一覧(#9110、#8103 24時間・通話料無料)
- Official sourceひょっとして詐欺かも…不安を感じたら相談電話へ(#9110・消費者ホットライン188)
- Official source暮らしの相談窓口:被害相談(法テラス 犯罪被害者支援ダイヤル 0120-079714)
- Official sourceまもろうよ こころ:電話相談窓口(#いのちSOS 0120-061-338 ほか)
- Official sourceSextortion: under-18s can report to NCA’s CEOP Safety Centre; report to your local police on 101, or 999 if at immediate risk
- Official sourcePublic Service Announcement: contact an FBI field office or 1-800-CALL-FBI (225-5324)
- Official sourceSextortion: it’s a scam, it’s trending, you can make it stop (“Report to cybertip.ca or your local police. You won’t be in trouble”)
- Official sourceReport online child sexual exploitation, including coercing and blackmailing children for sexual purposes (sexual extortion)
- Official sourceeSafety report reveals Big Tech blind spots in protecting children and young adults from sexual extortion (eSafety has removal powers, 98% success rate)
- Official sourceSwipe right for sextortion: eSafety unmasks ‘sexy’ scam artists (more than 3,300 reports of sexual extortion in 2025, 86% from males)
- Official sourceContact us: the Police Assistance Line 131 444 connects you to your local police
- Official sourcePlainte en ligne THESEE : une demande d’argent doit avoir été effectuée ; seuls les majeurs peuvent déposer plainte
- Official sourceEspace mineurs : soutien en ligne pour les jeunes (tchat police-gendarmerie 24h/24 ; 28 767 signalements de sextorsion en 2024)
- Official sourceSextorsion : que faire ? (France Victimes 116 006, 7 jours sur 7 de 9h à 19h ; plainte en ligne THESEE)
- Official sourceQuelqu’un menace de diffuser mes images intimes (aide aux adultes pour supprimer les images et porter plainte ; 0800 12 800)
- Official sourceNuméro de téléphone central pour l’aide aux victimes : 142, 24 heures sur 24 depuis le 1er mai 2026
- Official sourceStatistique policière de la criminalité 2025 (sextorsion : neuf personnes lésées sur dix de sexe masculin, près d’un tiers mineures)
- Official sourceSextortion: „Überweisen Sie kein Geld … Erstatten Sie Anzeige bei der Polizei.“
- Official sourceDigitale Gewalt: anonyme Beratung 24/7 (116 016), auch bei Erpressung (Sexting, Sextortion)
- Official sourceMeldestelle Cybercrime: die Erstattung einer Anzeige via Meldestelle ist derzeit nicht möglich
- Official sourceOficina Virtual de Denuncias: no se pueden denunciar en línea hechos de naturaleza violenta o sexual, ni si es menor de edad
- Official sourceReporta de forma rápida y anónima fotos o vídeos de abuso sexual infantil
- Official sourceEl 017 gestionó 142.767 consultas en 2025; la sextorsión, el 18% de las consultas de menores
- Official source¿Has sido víctima de un delito cibernético? Llama al 088, tu reporte es seguro y confidencial
- Official sourceLa Línea Nacional de Orientación y Apoyo en la Urgencia de Salud Mental (0800-999-0091) funciona las 24 horas
- Official sourceViolencia familiar y sexual: Línea 137 opción 1, las 24 horas de los 365 días; WhatsApp (54-11) 3133-1000
- Official sourceLínea 102: servicio sin costo y confidencial de atención a niños y adolescentes, operado por cada provincia
- Official sourceCapturado por sextorsión contra menor de edad: denunciar extorsión o sextorsión a través de la línea 165 del GAULA
- Official sourceLínea 141: línea gratuita nacional para protección, emergencia y orientación, disponible las 24 horas
- Official sourceSegurança digital: Polícia Civil ou delegacia de crimes cibernéticos para sextorsão; Disque 100
- Official sourceMulheres vítimas de violência digital podem buscar ajuda pelo Ligue 180 (24 horas, gratuito)
- Official sourcePortaria n.º 291/2025/1: Linha Nacional de Prevenção do Suicídio 1411, gratuita, 24 horas por dia
- Official sourceQueixa Eletrónica: extorsão (queixas e denúncias à GNR ou à PSP)
- Official source警察相談専用電話 #9110:平日8:30〜17:15(都道府県警察本部で異なる)、通話料は利用者負担
- Official sourceCure Time(キュアタイム):性暴力に関するSNS・メール相談、毎日17時〜21時、年齢・性別を問わず匿名
- Official source24時間子供SOSダイヤル:子供や保護者等がいつでも相談できる
Charity or child-protection body
- Charity or child-protection bodyFBI Report: Internet Crime Losses Hit $20.9 Billion (investment, crypto, tech support and romance scams caused the most damage)
- Charity or child-protection bodyNine reports a week from UK children facing online ‘sextortion’
- Charity or child-protection bodyNCMEC Releases New Data: 2024 in Numbers (nearly 100 reports of financial sextortion a day)
- Charity or child-protection bodyRevenge Porn Helpline 2024 Annual Report (sextortion the most reported harm; 90.9% takedown rate)
- Charity or child-protection bodySextortion: what to do
- Charity or child-protection bodyTake It Down: resources and support
- Charity or child-protection bodyCybertip.ca sees a 62% increase in reports of teens being sextorted online
- Charity or child-protection bodyReportar o denunciar actos de violencia en los entornos digitales (Línea 122 de la Fiscalía)
- Charity or child-protection bodyMehr als jeder Zweite kennt die 116 116 (Anruf gebührenfrei aus dem deutschen Festnetz)
- Charity or child-protection bodyOpfer-Telefon 116 006: jeden Tag von 7 bis 22 Uhr, kostenfrei und anonym
- Charity or child-protection bodyNotfallnummern (Telefonseelsorge 142 und Rat auf Draht 147, rund um die Uhr)
- Charity or child-protection bodyRevenge Porn Helpline: 0345 6000 459, [email protected], open 10:00–16:00 Monday to Friday (email only on Fridays)
- Charity or child-protection bodySextortion and webcam blackmail: “You can report this to the police by calling the non-emergency number 101”
- Charity or child-protection bodyReport Remove: for young people under 18 in the UK to confidentially report and remove sexual images or videos of themselves
- Charity or child-protection bodyNSPCC Helpline: 0808 800 5000, between 10am and 4pm Monday to Friday
- Charity or child-protection bodyShout: a free, confidential and 24/7 text messaging service for anyone in the UK (text SHOUT to 85258)
- Charity or child-protection bodyContact a Samaritan: call 116 123 free, day or night, 365 days a year
- Charity or child-protection bodyNCMEC Releases New Sextortion Data: 2025 (more than 50,000 reports of financially motivated sextortion, 137 a day)
- Charity or child-protection bodyCCRI Crisis Helpline 844-878-2274: free, 24/7, for victims of nonconsensual pornography, recorded sexual assault and sextortion in the US
- Charity or child-protection bodySextortion: all concerns about sextortion are forwarded to police (report online, or by phone 1-866-658-9022, Mon–Fri 8:30am–4pm CT)
- Charity or child-protection bodyNeedHelpNow.ca: help if a nude image of you under 18 is being shared online
- Charity or child-protection bodyKids Help Phone: call 1-800-668-6868 or text CONNECT to 686868, 24/7
- Charity or child-protection body3018 : gratuit, anonyme, confidentiel, 7j/7 de 9h à 23h ; sextorsion ; pour les jeunes, les parents et les professionnels
- Charity or child-protection bodySextorsion : les victimes et leurs proches peuvent contacter la ligne d’urgence gratuite 116 000, 24h/24 et 7j/7
- Charity or child-protection bodyRapport annuel 2025 : nombre record de victimes d’exploitation sexuelle en ligne (433 nouvelles victimes de sextorsion, +143 %)
- Charity or child-protection bodyChantage à la sextorsion avec des images dénudées (147 : 24h/24, gratuit et confidentiel, par téléphone, WhatsApp ou e-mail)
- Charity or child-protection bodySextorsion : service de signalement et de conseil (gratuit, anonyme), aussi pour les parents
- Charity or child-protection bodyConseils aux parents : 058 261 61 61, 24 heures sur 24, 365 jours par an
- Charity or child-protection bodySextortion: Beratung für Betroffene (Telefon +49 30 25208838, Mo 10–13 Uhr, Do 15–18 Uhr)
- Charity or child-protection bodySextortion: Erpressung mit intimen Aufnahmen (Antwort innerhalb von 48 Stunden)
- Charity or child-protection bodyElterntelefon 0800 111 0 550: Mo, Mi, Fr 9–17 Uhr; Di, Do 9–19 Uhr; anonym & kostenlos
- Charity or child-protection bodyKinder- und Jugendtelefon 116 111: montags bis samstags 14–20 Uhr, kostenlos
- Charity or child-protection bodyErpressung mit Nacktbildern: anonyme Hilfe rund um die Uhr unter 147; Löschung als Trusted Flagger
- Charity or child-protection bodyWie kann ich mich gegen Sextortion und Rachepornos wehren? (die Internet Ombudsstelle hilft beim Löschen)
- Charity or child-protection bodyOpfer-Notruf 0800 112 112: werktags von 8:00 bis 20:00 Uhr, kostenfrei
- Charity or child-protection bodyTeléfono/Chat ANAR 900 20 20 10: 24 horas, 365 días, gratuito, confidencial, atendido por psicólogos
- Charity or child-protection bodyTeléfono ANAR de la Familia y los Centros Escolares (600 50 51 52): para adultos que necesitan orientación sobre niños y adolescentes
- Charity or child-protection bodyDetecta Consejo Ciudadano nuevas modalidades de sextorsión (Línea de Seguridad 55 5533 5533, 24/7; menores: 800 5533 000)
- Charity or child-protection bodyTe Protejo México: reporta de manera anónima y gratuita la violencia sexual contra menores de 18 años, incluida la sextorsión
- Charity or child-protection bodyHorarios de atención: de 8:00 a 0:00; 135, (011) 5275-1135 o 0800 345 1435
- Charity or child-protection bodyTe Protejo Colombia: reportes confidenciales y anónimos; reporte directo a plataformas para un retiro más rápido
- Charity or child-protection bodyHelpline SaferNet: orientação para crianças e adolescentes (nudes, sextorsão); chat seg/qua/sex 14h–18h, ter/qui 9h–13h
- Charity or child-protection bodyEstatísticas APAV Linha Internet Segura 2025 (159 casos de extorsão sexual; 800 21 90 90, dias úteis 8h–23h)
- Charity or child-protection bodyLinha de Apoio à Vítima 116 006: dias úteis, das 8h às 23h, chamada gratuita
- Charity or child-protection body相談窓口:050-3177-5432(相談料無料、非通知は不可)、[email protected]
Industry body
- Industry bodyStop, hang up, call 159
News report
- News reportFBI: Seniors lost $7.75B to cybercrime in 2025 (summary of the IC3 elder fraud data)
- News reportFBI warns of escalating online sextortion targeting minors (FBI figures, Oct 2021 to Mar 2023)
- News reportNational tip line warning of new sextortion tactic: faces superimposed on sexual images
- News reportBritish engineering giant Arup revealed as $25 million deepfake scam victim
- News reportLes annonces d’incidents explosent (arnaques aux fausses offres d’emploi)
- News report¿Dónde pueden atender tu queja por algún producto o servicio financiero? Condusef te apoya (teléfono 55 53 400 999)
- News reportLínea de la Vida 800 911 2000: gratuita, confidencial, 24 horas, 365 días
- News reportTeléfonos útiles de emergencia en América (Colombia: 123 número integral de seguridad y emergencias)
- News reportSuicide hotlines and crisis lines in Brazil (190, 192, 193 as listed by Anatel; CVV 188, 24 hours, no call cost)
- News reportNova regra do Pix amplia prazo para contestar golpe (MED: 80 dias; Instrução Normativa BCB 766)
- News reportKriminalität: So kann man sich schützen – hier gibt es Hilfe (Nummer gegen Kummer 116 111; dpa)
- News reportHilfe in psychischen Krisen: Telefonseelsorge 0800 111 0 111, 0800 111 0 222 oder 116 123, kostenlos, rund um die Uhr
- News reportセクストーションの相談、25年度は3040人(ぱっぷす)
Service’s own website
- Service’s own websiteWer ist Stopline? Eine von den Behörden autorisierte und anerkannte Meldestelle (anonym)
- Service’s own websiteリベンジポルノ・性的画像の削除依頼(無料、国内外のサイト、本人または保護者から)